| Anti-Federalist Number 1 | General Introduction: A Dangerous Plan of Benefit Only to The “Aristocratick Combination.” |
| Anti-Federalist Number 2 | We Have Been Told of Phantoms. |
| Anti-Federalist Number 3 | New Constitution Creates a National Government; Will Not Abate Foreign Influence; Dangers of Civil War And Despotism. |
| Anti-Federalist Number 4 | Foreign Wars, Civil Wars, and Indian Wars — Three Bugbears. |
| Anti-Federalist Number 5 | Scotland and England — A Case in Point. |
| Anti-Federalist Number 6 | The Hobgoblins of Anarchy And Dissensions Among The States. |
| Anti-Federalist Number 7 | Adoption of The Constitution Will Lead to Civil War. |
| Anti-Federalist Number 8 | The Power Vested in Congress of Sending Troops For Suppressing Insurrections Will Always Enable Them to Stifle The First Struggles of Freedom. |
| Anti-Federalist Number 9 | A Consolidated Government Is a Tyranny. |
| Anti-Federalist Number 10 | On The Preservation of Parties, Public Liberty Depends. |
| Anti-Federalist Number 11 | Unrestricted Power Over Commerce Should Not Be Given The National Government. |
| Anti-Federalist Number 12 | How Will The New Government Raise Money? |
| Anti-Federalist Number 13 | The Expense of The New Government. |
| Anti-Federalist Number 14 | Extent of Territory Under Consolidated Government Too Large to Preserve Liberty or Protect Property. |
| Anti-Federalist Number 15 | Rhode Island Is Right! |
| Anti-Federalist Number 16 | Europeans Admire And Federalists Decry The Present System. |
| Anti-Federalist Number 17 | Federalist Power Will Ultimately Subvert State Authority. |
| Anti-Federalist Number 18-20 | What Does History Teach? (Part I)What Does History Teach? (Part II) |
| Anti-Federalist Number 21 | Why The Articles Failed. |
| Anti-Federalist Number 22 | Articles of Confederation Simply Requires Amendments, Particularly For Commercial Power And Judicial Power; Constitution Goes Too Far. |
| Anti-Federalist Number 23 | Certain Powers Necessary For The Common Defense, Can And Should Be Limited. |
| Anti-Federalist Number 24 | Objections to a Standing Army. (Part I) |
| Anti-Federalist Number 25 | Objections to a Standing Army. (Part II) |
| Anti-Federalist Number 26 | The Use of Coercion by The New Government. (Part 1) |
| Anti-Federalist Number 27 | The Use of Coercion by The New Government. (Part 2) |
| Anti-Federalist Number 28 | The Use of Coercion by The New Government. (Part 3) |
| Anti-Federalist Number 29 | Objections to National Control of the Militia. |
| Anti-Federalist Number 30-31 | A Virginia Anti-Federalist on the Issue of Taxation. |
| Anti-Federalist Number 32 | Federal Taxation and the Doctrine of Implied Powers. (Part I) |
| Anti-Federalist Number 33 | Federal Taxation and the Doctrine of Implied Powers. (Part II) |
| Anti-Federalist Number 34 | The Problem of Concurrent Taxation. |
| Anti-Federalist Number 35 | Federal Taxing Power must Be Restrained. |
| Anti-Federalist Number 36 | Representation and Internal Taxation. |
| Anti-Federalist Number 37 | Factions and the Constitution. |
| Anti-Federalist Number 38 | Some Reactions to Federalist Arguments. |
| Anti-Federalist Number 39 | Appearance and Reality– the Form Is Federal; the Effect Is National. |
| Anti-Federalist Number 40 | On the Motivations and Authority of the Founding Fathers. |
| Anti-Federalist Number 41-43 | The Quantity of Power The Union Must Possess Is One Thing; The Mode of Exercising The Powers Given Is Quite a Different Consideration. (Part I) |
| Anti-Federalist Number 41-43 | The Quantity of Power the Union must Possess Is One Thing; the Mode of Exercising the Powers Given Is Quite a Different Consideration. (Part II) |
| Anti-Federalist Number 44 | What Congress Can Do; What a State Can Not. |
| Anti-Federalist Number 45 | Powers of National Government Dangerous to State Governments; New York as an Example. |
| Anti-Federalist Number 46 | Where Then Is the Restraint? |
| Anti-Federalist Number 47 | “Balance” of Departments Not Achieved under New Constitution. |
| Anti-Federalist Number 48 | No Separation of Departments Results in No Responsibility. |
| Anti-Federalist Number 49 | On Constitutional Conventions. (Part I) |
| Anti-Federalist Number 50 | On Constitutional Conventions. (Part 2) |
| Anti-Federalist Number 51 | Do Checks and Balances Really Secure the Rights of the People? |
| Anti-Federalist Number 52 | On the Guarantee of Congressional Biennial Elections. |
| Anti-Federalist Number 53 | A Plea for the Right of Recall. |
| Anti-Federalist Number 54 | Apportionment And Slavery: Northern And Southern Views. |
| Anti-Federalist Number 55 | Will the House of Representatives Be Genuinely Representative? (Part 1) |
| Anti-Federalist Number 56 | Will the House of Representatives Be Genuinely Representative? (Part 2) |
| Anti-Federalist Number 57 | Will the House of Representatives Be Genuinely Representative? (Part 3) |
| Anti-Federalist Number 58 | Will the House of Representatives Be Genuinely Representative? (Part 4) |
| Anti-Federalist Number 59 | The Danger of Congressional Control of Elections. |
| Anti-Federalist Number 60 | Will the Constitution Promote the Interests of Favorite Classes? |
| Anti-Federalist Number 61 | Questions and Comments on the Constitutional Provisions Regarding the Election of Congressmen. |
| Anti-Federalist Number 62 | On the Organization and Powers of the Senate. (Part 1) |
| Anti-Federalist Number 63 | On the Organization and Powers of the Senate. (Part 2) |
| Anti-Federalist Number 64 | On the Organization and Powers of the Senate. (Part 3) |
| Anti-Federalist Number 65 | On the Organization and Powers of the Senate. (Part 4) |
| Anti-Federalist Number 66 | On The Power of Impeachment |
| Anti-Federalist Number 67 | Various Fears Concerning the Executive Department. |
| Anti-Federalist Number 68 | On the Mode of Electing the President. |
| Anti-Federalist Number 69 | The Character of the Executive Office. |
| Anti-Federalist Number 70 | The Powers and Dangerous Potentials of His Elected Majesty. |
| Anti-Federalist Number 71 | The Presidential Term of Office. |
| Anti-Federalist Number 72 | On The Electoral College; on Re-eligibility of the President. |
| Anti-Federalist Number 73 | Does the Presidential Veto Power Infringe on the Separation of Departments? |
| Anti-Federalist Number 74 | The President as Military King. |
| Anti-Federalist Number 75 | A Note Protesting the Treaty-making Provisions of the Constitution. |
| Anti-Federalist Nos. 76-77 | An Anti-Federalist View of the Appointing Power under the Constitution. |
| Anti-Federalist Nos. 78-79 | The Power of the Judiciary. (Part 1) |
| Anti-Federalist Number 80 | The Power of the Judiciary. (Part 2) |
| Anti-Federalist Number 81 | The Power of the Judiciary. (Part 3) |
| Anti-Federalist Number 82 | The Power of the Judiciary. (Part 4) |
| Anti-Federalist Number 83 | The Federal Judiciary and the Issue of Trial by Jury. |
| Anti-Federalist Number 84 | On the Lack of a Bill of Rights. |
| Anti-Federalist Number 85 | Concluding Remarks: Evils under Confederation Exaggerated; Constitution must Be Drastically Revised Before Adoption. |
Note: I encourage you to obtain the book by Borden and review the editorial comments and background information on these writings. As it was with those in favor of the proposed constitution, there were a number of writers who were opposed to its ratification. Although not as organized as the proponents of the Constitution, a number of these writers, in disparate portions of the new states, made several significant points which, though they did not carry the day in the Constitutional ratification debates, did raise important issues for the new American Republic.
Some of the issues raised in these papers resulted in the adoption of the Bill of Rights, and have impacted some decisions of the United States Supreme Court on important constitutional questions.
These papers make clear that the change from the Articles of Confederation to the US Constitution was not accepted as an article of faith or simply inevitable. Indeed, considerable time, energy, and intellect went into writing the pro-Constitution essays in the Federalist Papers as well as those gathered here as the Anti-Federalist Papers.
Source: The Anti-Federalist Papers, Edited with an Introduction by Morton Borden, Michigan State University Press, 1965, Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 65-17929.
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